1. Stability and Durability Issues
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly those based on MAPbI3, face poor thermal stability and degradation when exposed to heat, light, and applied voltage, which are critical issues for long-term operation.
- The operational stability of PSCs is currently not on par with established photovoltaic technologies, as deterioration under sunlight exposure poses a fundamental barrier to their practical use.
- Ionic movement within the perovskite material can affect performance consistency, complicating stability during extended use.
2. Challenges in Large-Area Manufacturing
- Transitioning from small-area laboratory devices to large-area perovskite solar modules is a significant hurdle. Scaling up processes such as coating and uniform film formation demands precision and repeatability that are difficult to achieve at industrial scales.
- Techniques like slot-die coating are promising but require further refinement to ensure large-scale uniformity and high throughput.
3. Material and Environmental Concerns
- PSCs often incorporate lead-based compounds (e.g., MAPbI3), raising toxicity and environmental disposal concerns. The presence of “nasty materials” complicates sustainable manufacturing and end-of-life recycling strategies.
- Developing green solvents and encapsulation materials is crucial to reducing environmental impact throughout the PSC lifecycle.
4. Performance-Related Challenges
- PSCs exhibit current-voltage hysteresis effects, which can lead to fluctuating performance and complicate efficiency optimization.
- The wider bandgap of common perovskite materials limits the theoretical maximum efficiency and affects the energy yield.
Summary Table of Challenges
| Challenge Area | Description |
|---|---|
| Stability & Durability | Poor thermal/light stability, degradation under operational conditions, ionic movement effects |
| Large-Area Manufacturing | Difficulties in scaling lab-scale coating techniques to uniform, large-area modules |
| Material Sustainability | Toxicity of lead-based materials, need for greener solvents and recycling/encapsulation technologies |
| Performance Consistency | Current-voltage hysteresis, bandgap limitations impacting efficiency |
These challenges must be addressed through ongoing research in materials science, manufacturing technology, and environmental safety protocols to enable reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective mass production of perovskite solar panels.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-are-the-potential-challenges-in-scaling-up-perovskite-solar-panel-production/
