Among the available long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies, lithium-ion batteries have the highest round-trip efficiency. As of 2024, their efficiency ranges from 85 to 96 percent, making them the most efficient electrochemical LDES technology available. Mechanical and thermal LDES technologies can also achieve high efficiencies but are not specified in the latest available data for electrochemical types.
Here’s a comparison of some LDES technologies based on their round-trip efficiencies:
| Technology | Round-trip Efficiency |
|---|---|
| Lithium-ion Batteries | 85-96% |
| Sodium-ion Batteries | 60-85% |
| Non-flow Batteries | Up to 90% |
| Intra-day LDES (General) | Approximately 69% (today) |
Non-flow batteries, which include various battery types, can achieve up to 90% efficiency, but they are not exclusively LDES. Therefore, among the specific electrochemical LDES technologies, lithium-ion batteries hold the highest round-trip efficiency.
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