Strategies to improve the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells are crucial for their practical application. Several promising approaches are currently being developed:
Strategies for Improving Stability
1. Thermal Stress Mitigation
- Enhanced Crystalline Quality: Improving the crystalline quality of perovskite structures helps them withstand thermal stress better.
- Buffer Layers: Using suitable buffer layers can protect the perovskite and adjacent layers from thermal degradation.
2. Protective Coatings
- Amidinium Ligands: Researchers have developed protective coatings using amidinium ligands, which are more stable than traditional ammonium ligands under thermal stress. These coatings help in passivating defects and providing a protective effect, thus extending the lifespan of perovskite solar cells.
3. Interfacial Modification
- Methods such as modifying interfaces have shown success in achieving both high efficiency (e.g., 16%) and long-term stability. This involves enhancing the interaction between different layers in the solar cell.
4. Dopants and Hole Transport Materials (HTMs)
- Iridium Complexes: Incorporating dopants like iridium complexes has been proposed to enhance stability.
- Hydrophobic HTMs: Using hydrophobic HTMs, such as poly(3-hexylthiophene), can improve stability by reducing moisture sensitivity. Additionally, replacing common HTM additives like lithium compounds with alternatives like spiro can increase durability.
5. Controlled Fabrication Conditions
- Processing perovskite solar cells in inert environments (e.g., glove boxes) is essential due to their sensitivity to oxygen and moisture.
These strategies aim to address the challenges associated with degradation under environmental stressors like temperature fluctuations, light exposure, and humidity.
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