The efficiency increase during ambient storage in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is attributed to several mechanisms. These include:
- Defect Passivation: Storage leads to a change in the charge recombination mechanism from surface-dominated to bulk-dominated due to passivation of defects at the perovskite surface. This reduces recombination losses, enhancing efficiency.
- Conductivity Improvement and Molecular Orbital Level Adjustment: Ambient storage improves the conductivity of the spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer and lowers its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level. These changes enhance charge extraction and improve the overall performance of the solar cells.
- Enhancements in Fill Factor and Open-Circuit Voltage: During the initial days of ambient storage, improvements are observed in both the fill factor and the open-circuit voltage of PSCs. These parameters contribute significantly to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells.
These mechanisms collectively contribute to the initial improvements in PCE observed during ambient storage of perovskite solar cells.
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