Solid-state batteries employ specific materials and structural designs to enhance lifespan, focusing on electrolyte stability and cathode composition:
Solid Electrolytes
Sulfide-based and oxide-based compounds are prominent solid electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and thermal stability, which reduce degradation over cycles. Recent research highlights sulfide electrolytes paired with nickel-rich cathodes to minimize interfacial resistance.
Cathode Materials
Nickel-rich layered cathode active materials (CAMs) with columnar microstructures improve capacity retention by mitigating stress during charge cycles. These CAMs, combined with lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), enhance energy density while addressing surface degradation in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
Anode Innovations
Lithium-metal anodes (with 10x higher capacity than graphite) are paired with multi-layer electrolyte designs to prevent dendrite formation, enabling over 6,000 cycles while retaining 80% capacity. Alternative anodes like silver or silicon are also being explored to further extend longevity.
Structural advancements, such as stress-relieving columnar cathodes and dendrite-resistant electrolytes, collectively contribute to extended operational lifespans (up to 8,000–10,000 cycles in some designs).
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