The suitability of a location for pumped hydro storage (PHS) depends on multiple interrelated factors:
Topography and Elevation
A significant head (elevation difference between upper and lower reservoirs) is critical for energy efficiency and storage capacity. Hilly or mountainous terrain is ideal, though closed-loop systems in flat regions may use artificial elevation.
Geological Stability
The site must support reservoir construction without leakage. Soil and rock composition must ensure structural integrity for dams, tunnels, and penstocks.
Water Availability and Hydrology
While closed-loop systems reduce river dependency, sufficient water is needed for initial fill and evaporation replenishment. Hydrologic risks (e.g., extreme floods) must be mitigated through spillway design and inflow assessments.
Proximity to Grid Infrastructure
Sites near transmission lines minimize energy losses and costs. Remote locations often require expensive grid upgrades.
Land Use and Environmental Impact
Minimal ecological disruption is prioritized. Closed-loop systems avoid rivers, reducing habitat damage. Land requirements (~10 hectares per GWh) are smaller than solar/wind farms.
Economic Feasibility
High upfront costs for turbines, reservoirs, and grid integration influence site selection. Brownfield sites (e.g., disused mines) or existing reservoirs can reduce expenses.
Scalability
Expandable reservoir volumes and adaptable turbine-generator systems are necessary to meet growing storage demands.
Climate Resilience
Designs must account for evaporation rates, ice formation, and debris accumulation, particularly in variable climates.
Closed-loop systems now dominate new projects due to reduced environmental impact and abundant global site availability.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-factors-determine-the-suitability-of-a-location-for-pumped-hydro-storage/
