The initial improvement in efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during ambient storage can be attributed to several key factors:
- Defect Passivation: Storage leads to the passivation of defects at the perovskite surface, which shifts the charge recombination mechanism from surface-dominated to bulk-dominated. This reduction in surface recombination improves the overall efficiency of the solar cells.
- Improvements in Fill Factor and Open-Circuit Voltage: Ambient storage results in enhancements in both the fill factor and open-circuit voltage during the first couple of days. These improvements contribute significantly to the increased power conversion efficiency (PCE).
- Enhanced Conductivity of Spiro-OMeTAD: Storage conditions improve the conductivity of the spiro-OMeTAD, a common hole transport material used in perovskite solar cells. Additionally, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of spiro-OMeTAD is lowered, which enhances charge extraction and further boosts efficiency.
These factors collectively contribute to the observed improvements in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells during ambient storage.
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