The most common types of energy storage systems used for renewable energy include:
- Electrochemical Energy Storage – Batteries:
- Lithium-ion Batteries: Dominant in large-scale applications due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
- Other battery types are being developed, such as sodium-ion and flow batteries.
- Mechanical Energy Storage – Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS):
- This is the oldest and largest form of energy storage. Water is pumped uphill during low demand and released to generate electricity during high demand.
- Thermal Energy Storage:
- Often used in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, it stores heat for later use in generating electricity.
- Other Emerging Technologies:
- Flow Batteries, Solid-State Batteries, and Hydrogen Storage are under development to improve efficiency and sustainability.
These systems play a crucial role in stabilizing the grid and enhancing the reliability of renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
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