Thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries is a critical issue that can lead to severe consequences such as fire or explosion. The most common causes of thermal runaway are categorized into several key areas:
Common Causes of Thermal Runaway
- Internal Failures:
- Internal Short Circuits: These can occur when the separator between the cathode and anode electrodes is damaged, allowing the electrodes to come into contact and cause a short circuit.
- Cell Defects: Poorly manufactured cells with defects in their components are more susceptible to thermal runaway.
- External Conditions:
- Overcharging: Incompatible chargers or poorly designed battery management systems (BMS) can lead to overcharging, which increases the risk of thermal runaway.
- Multiple Overdischarges and Recharges: Discharging a battery below its recommended voltage and then charging it can weaken the cell structure.
- External Short Circuits: Physical damage or improper connections can cause an external short circuit.
- High and Low Temperatures: Operating lithium-ion batteries in environments with extreme temperatures (above 82°F or 28°C) can lead to thermal runaway.
- Mechanical Factors:
- Mechanical Damage: Physical impacts, such as those experienced in vehicle accidents, can distort the battery cells and initiate thermal runaway.
- Aging:
- High Number of Charge-Discharge Cycles: The more a lithium-ion battery is charged and discharged, the higher the likelihood of thermal runaway due to increased reaction rates and energy release.
Preventing thermal runaway involves using appropriate protection schemes like BMS, monitoring temperature and voltage, and maintaining safe operating conditions for lithium-ion batteries.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-are-the-most-common-causes-of-thermal-runaway-in-lithium-ion-batteries/
