The main factors contributing to friction losses in pipes are:
- Viscosity of the fluid: Higher viscosity fluids (thicker fluids) create more resistance as they flow, increasing friction loss. For example, oil causes more friction loss than water due to higher viscosity.
- Internal pipe diameter: Smaller diameter pipes have higher friction losses because the fluid is in closer contact with the pipe wall, increasing resistance.
- Internal roughness of the pipe: Rougher pipe surfaces increase friction loss because the fluid encounters more resistance sliding over uneven surfaces. Corrosion or buildup inside pipes also raise friction losses.
- Length of the pipe: Friction losses accumulate over distance, so longer pipes cause higher friction loss as fluid has to travel farther against resistance.
- Flow velocity and regime: Higher fluid velocity increases friction losses. The flow regime (laminar or turbulent, related to Reynolds number) also influences how much friction loss occurs.
- Changes in pipe elevation (slope): Variations in pipe slope can force fluid to work against gravity, contributing to energy loss and friction.
- Valves and fittings: Additional components such as valves, bends, and fittings disrupt flow and add to friction losses inside the pipe system.
In summary, friction loss in pipes is mainly affected by fluid properties (viscosity), pipe geometry (diameter, length, roughness), flow conditions (velocity, flow regime), and system layout (elevation changes, fittings).
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-are-the-main-factors-contributing-to-friction-losses-in-pipes/
