Implementing variable-speed pumped storage hydropower (PSH) faces several challenges:
Main Challenges
- Economic Incentives and Revenue Estimation:
- The primary challenge is the difficulty in estimating revenue streams for providing non-energy services. This makes it hard for developers to secure financing because the value of flexibility provided by PSH is not fully recognized in the market.
- The revenue from services like frequency regulation or spinning reserve is often not guaranteed, making cost recovery uncertain for variable-speed technology.
- Technical Limitations in Pumping:
- Traditional pumped storage systems cannot adjust power during the pumping phase since their speed is synchronized with the grid frequency. However, variable-speed systems can, but they require complex technologies like frequency converters.
- The installation of these advanced systems can increase costs and operational complexity.
- Market Structures:
- Current day-ahead energy markets do not explicitly value unit flexibility, which diminishes the financial benefits of variable-speed PSH.
- Flat price duration curves can also affect how PSH units are utilized, potentially reducing their economic viability.
- Geographical and Infrastructure Constraints:
- While there is growing interest in innovative locations like disused mines or off-river sites, traditional pumped storage sites are geographically limited. Developing variable-speed capabilities adds another layer of complexity to these projects.
- Integration with Renewable Energy:
- As variable renewable energy (VRE) penetration increases, PSH must adapt to provide more dynamic grid support. This includes enhancing balancing capabilities, which variable-speed technology can address but requires careful integration with other grid assets.
Solutions in Development
- Technological Innovations: Projects like the European Commission’s XFLEX HYDRO aim to enhance hydropower flexibility through technologies such as variable speed turbines and smart digital systems.
- Global Initiatives: Efforts to develop new sites and retrofit existing facilities are underway, supported by international collaboration among hydropower stakeholders.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-are-the-main-challenges-in-implementing-variable-speed-pumped-storage-hydropower/
