Temperature Reduction and Efficiency Improvement
PCMs significantly lower solar panel operating temperatures, boosting electrical efficiency. Studies show surface temperature reductions of 25.4–36%, translating to 6–17.5% efficiency gains. For every 1°C temperature increase, PV efficiency drops by ~0.45%, making PCM cooling critical for maintaining output.
Energy Storage and Thermal Regulation
PCMs absorb excess heat during peak sunlight and release it later, stabilizing panel temperatures. This passive cooling mechanism enhances performance consistency and extends panel lifespan by reducing thermal stress. Systems incorporating PCMs achieve 30–50% greater thermal storage capacity compared to conventional methods.
Cost-Effective Passive Cooling
PCM-based systems require no external energy input, unlike active cooling methods. Experiments demonstrate 11.92% power output improvements when combining PCM with natural water circulation. Optimized PCM selection (e.g., PCM-RT21 for hot climates) can deliver 36% temperature reduction in specific conditions.
Hybrid System Synergies
When combined with nanoparticles or nanofluids, PCMs show enhanced performance:
- ZnO nanoparticle-enhanced PCMs improve electrical efficiency incrementally with concentration.
- PCM-nanofluid hybrids achieve 13% higher electrical output and 9% thermal efficiency gains compared to standard PV modules.
Climatic Adaptability
PCMs can be tailored to local climate conditions. For example:
- 21°C melting point PCMs optimize performance in moderate climates.
- PCM thickness and composition adjustments address regional temperature variability, preventing efficiency losses from improper material selection.
These benefits collectively enhance energy yield, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the feasibility of solar installations in high-temperature regions.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/what-are-the-main-advantages-of-using-phase-change-materials-for-cooling-solar-panels/
