Thermal energy storage (TES) significantly contributes to grid resilience in several key ways:
- Flexibility and Resource Optimization:
- TES allows for the efficient use of low-cost electricity during off-peak times to store heat, which can be utilized later when demand is higher. This flexibility enables better management of grid resources by decoupling the timing of energy generation and consumption, thereby preventing waste and optimizing energy use.
- By storing energy from excess renewable generation (e.g., wind or solar power), TES helps stabilize the grid during periods of high renewable output, reducing the likelihood of energy being wasted or sold at negative prices.
- Stabilization and Resilience:
- TES systems can rapidly absorb and release energy, which helps stabilize grid frequency. This capability can counteract sudden changes in power supply or demand, enhancing grid stability and resilience.
- Thermal batteries can provide a buffer against grid fluctuations by offering flexible demand, thus supporting grid operators in managing supply and demand more effectively.
- Support for Renewable Integration:
- By providing a reliable demand for renewable energy even when it is not immediately needed, TES supports further investment in renewable technologies. This helps grid operators manage variability in renewable generation, making the integration of more solar and wind power into the grid more feasible.
- Reducing Peak Demand:
- TES systems, especially when integrated with heat pumps, can significantly reduce peak electricity demand for heating by shifting it away from peak hours. This reduces strain on the grid during periods of high usage, enhancing overall resilience.
- Industrial Competitiveness and Decarbonization:
- Thermal energy storage offers industries a low-cost, low-carbon energy source, enhancing U.S. manufacturing competitiveness while supporting decarbonization efforts. By optimizing energy use and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, TES contributes to a more sustainable and resilient energy system.
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