Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have historically faced challenges with long-term stability compared to established silicon-based solar cells. Silicon solar cells commonly offer lifespans of 25 years or more under real-world conditions.
Recent breakthroughs have significantly improved the lifespan of perovskite solar cells, narrowing the gap with silicon. Notably, researchers at Princeton and Brookhaven National Laboratory developed perovskite solar cells with an innovative 2D capping layer that stabilizes the interface, resulting in a projected lifetime of about 30 years, surpassing the commercialization threshold of 20 years. This development positions these perovskite cells as competitive with silicon in durability while maintaining high efficiency (over 17%).
Additional advances include protective coatings based on amidinium ligands, which tripled the cells’ T90 lifetime—the time before efficiency drops by 10%—under harsh conditions to over 1,100 hours in accelerated tests. Moreover, employing alumina nanoparticles shows promise to extend perovskite cell lifespans up to tenfold by suppressing degradation reactions.
However, despite these advances, perovskite cells still require extensive real-world outdoor testing under varying environmental stressors to confidently match or exceed silicon solar cells’ proven 25+ year lifespan. Overall, current research suggests perovskite solar cells are approaching and may soon match the longevity of silicon-based cells, paving the way for their broader commercial use.
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