Key Environmental Influences on Bifacial Panel Performance
1. Reflective Surfaces (Albedo Effect)
Bifacial panels benefit greatly from surfaces with high reflectivity beneath or near them. These include snow, sand, light-colored rooftops, and water. Such surfaces reflect sunlight onto the rear side of the panels, boosting overall energy production. For instance, installation near snow-covered ground can increase energy capture because the bright reflective surface enhances the bifacial gain, sometimes resulting in up to 20% more energy compared to monofacial panels. Conversely, darker surfaces such as asphalt or soil reflect less light, thus reducing this advantage.
2. Tilt Angle and Mounting Configuration
The tilt angle of the panels affects how much sunlight reaches both sides. Elevated or tilted installations help expose the rear face to reflected light and reduce shading, optimizing performance. Mounting systems designed to minimize shading at the back—using narrower supports and minimized junction boxes—further improve energy gains.
3. Climatic and Environmental Conditions
Bifacial panels perform best in sunny environments with high reflectivity. In colder climates with snow, the albedo effect significantly enhances output. However, in hot climates, elevated temperature can reduce solar panel efficiency overall, including bifacial modules, thus lowering their energy yield. Seasonal changes and cloud cover also influence how much sunlight is available for direct and reflected capture.
4. Surrounding Environment and Shading
Shading from nearby objects can disproportionately impact bifacial panels since their rear side requires reflected light. Open areas with minimal shading are ideal. The presence of nearby reflective structures can enhance rear-side illumination and thus overall output.
Summary Table of Environmental Effects on Bifacial Panels
| Factor | Effect on Performance |
|---|---|
| High reflectivity surfaces | Increases energy by reflecting light to rear side |
| Low reflectivity surfaces | Lowers bifacial gain due to less reflected light |
| Tilt angle and elevation | Enhances rear-side exposure and reduces shading |
| Cold, snowy climates | Boosts performance via strong albedo effect |
| Hot climates | Can reduce efficiency due to higher temperatures |
| Shading and obstructing objects | Decreases output by blocking direct/reflected sunlight |
In conclusion, to maximize bifacial solar panel performance, the installation environment must be carefully considered—favoring locations with reflective ground surfaces, minimal shading, appropriate tilt, and climate conditions conducive to high solar irradiance and cooler temperatures.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-does-the-installation-environment-affect-the-performance-of-bifacial-panels/
