Energy Density Comparison: Green Hydrogen vs. Lithium-Ion Batteries
Energy Density of Green Hydrogen
- Gravimetric Energy Density: Green hydrogen, like other forms of hydrogen, has a high gravimetric energy density. It contains approximately 120 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg).
- Volumetric Energy Density: The volumetric energy density of liquid hydrogen is about 8.5 megajoules per liter (MJ/L), while compressed hydrogen at high pressures (e.g., 700 bar) has a volumetric density of about 4.5 to 5.3 MJ/L.
Energy Density of Lithium-Ion Batteries
- Gravimetric Energy Density: Lithium-ion batteries typically have a gravimetric energy density ranging from 120 to 265 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), which translates to approximately 0.432 to 0.954 MJ/kg (using the conversion 1 Wh = 0.0036 MJ).
- Volumetric Energy Density: The volumetric energy density of lithium-ion batteries is generally around 250 to 400 Wh/L, equivalent to about 0.9 to 1.44 MJ/L.
Comparison
- Per Weight: Hydrogen has a significantly higher gravimetric energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries, making it advantageous for reducing the weight of energy storage systems in transportation.
- Per Volume: Lithium-ion batteries offer a higher volumetric energy density than both compressed and liquid hydrogen, which is crucial for applications where space is limited.
Conclusion
Green hydrogen excels in gravimetric energy density, making it suitable for applications like fuel cell vehicles where weight reduction is beneficial. In contrast, lithium-ion batteries have a better volumetric energy density, which is advantageous for portable electronics or systems where volume is a constraint.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-does-the-energy-density-of-green-hydrogen-compare-to-that-of-lithium-ion-batteries/
