The charging current can significantly influence energy loss in batteries, particularly during the charging process. Here’s how:
Influence of Charging Current on Energy Loss
- On-Board Charger Efficiency:
- The on-board charger (OBC) in electric vehicles converts AC power from the grid into DC power, which batteries can store. This conversion process is typically between 75% and 95% efficient.
- Higher currents generally lead to more heat generation during the conversion, which results in higher energy losses. However, modern systems often use liquid cooling to mitigate these losses.
- Cable Resistance:
- The charging cable itself contributes to energy loss due to electrical resistance. Shorter cables can reduce this loss, but the cable design must match the desired charging speed.
- Although higher currents can increase cable losses due to resistance, thicker cables can help minimize these losses.
- Battery Efficiency:
- The battery’s efficiency is also affected by charging current. High currents can lead to faster charging but may reduce battery longevity by causing more wear through higher internal resistance and heat generation.
- Optimization:
- DC Charging: While DC charging is generally more efficient since it skips the AC-to-DC conversion step, using high currents for fast charging can be detrimental to battery health and may not always be more efficient overall.
- Charging at optimal currents: Charging at moderate speeds can help optimize efficiency by balancing the need for speed with the potential for overheating and wear.
Summary
- Higher Currents: Generally lead to higher heat and energy losses, especially in the on-board charger and cables.
- Efficiency Improvement: Using optimized charging systems, managing temperature, and employing appropriate cable thickness can help reduce energy loss.
- Balancing Speed and Efficiency: Charging at moderate currents can help maintain efficiency while avoiding excessive wear on the battery.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-does-the-charging-current-influence-energy-loss-in-batteries/
