Effects of High Temperature on EV Batteries
Degradation and Performance
- Faster Degradation: EV batteries degrade faster in high temperatures because the chemical reactions inside the battery occur more rapidly. This includes both beneficial reactions that produce energy and detrimental ones that lead to degradation.
- Reduced Range and Efficiency: Above 95° F (35° C), EV batteries may overheat, leading to faster discharge rates, reduced energy storage capacity, and inefficient power delivery. The range loss increases with temperature: a 31% loss at 100° F (37.8° C) compared to 2.8% at 80° F (26.7° C).
- Increased Internal Resistance: Higher temperatures increase internal battery resistance, extending charge times and reducing EV range.
Chemical and Physical Changes
- Ion Mobility: In high temperatures, ions within the battery move more quickly, often failing to bind effectively to anodes and cathodes. This can create small cracks and slow crucial chemical reactions, shortening battery life.
- SEI Layer Effects: High heat can affect the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, causing reactions that consume active lithium or create inert compounds, hindering ion flow.
Charging in High Temperatures
- Charging Damage: Charging in high temperatures can exacerbate battery stress by increasing the force of the electric current, leading to physical stress and potential damage to the battery nodes.
Overall, high temperatures pose significant challenges to EV battery health, emphasizing the need for cooling systems and strategies to mitigate these effects.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-does-high-temperature-affect-ev-battery-health/
