Energy storage systems, particularly battery energy storage systems (BESS), play a crucial role in frequency regulation within electrical grids. Frequency regulation is the process of maintaining the grid’s frequency within a narrow range, typically around 50 Hz (or 60 Hz in some countries), by balancing electricity supply and demand in real-time.
Contribution to Frequency Regulation
- Balancing Supply and Demand: BESS absorbs excess energy when the grid’s frequency increases (indicating excess supply) and discharges energy when the frequency decreases (indicating higher demand) to restore the balance.
- Rapid Response: Batteries are well-suited for frequency regulation due to their ability to respond quickly to changes in grid frequency without startup times. This allows them to rapidly deliver or absorb power to stabilize the grid.
- Flexibility and Efficiency: By using BESS for frequency regulation, grids can reduce their reliance on conventional power plants for balancing, which enhances flexibility and efficiency, especially in integrating renewable energy sources.
- Reduced System Instability: Batteries help maintain grid stability by preventing frequency deviations that could lead to equipment damage or system failures.
Participation Models in the Market
In markets like the California Independent System Operator (CAISO), BESS participates in frequency regulation through models such as the non-generator resource (NGR) or NGR with regulation energy management (NGR-REM). These models allow batteries to provide regulation services while managing their state of charge either autonomously or through the system operator.
Overall, energy storage is vital for maintaining grid stability and supporting the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the grid.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-does-energy-storage-contribute-to-frequency-regulation-in-the-grid/
