Ambient storage can improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells through several mechanisms:
- Defect Passivation: Storage in ambient conditions allows for the passivation of surface defects on the perovskite layer. This passivation shifts the charge recombination from a surface-dominated mechanism to a bulk-dominated one, which enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by improving charge transport and reducing recombination losses.
- Improvement in Charge Extraction: Ambient storage is found to improve the conductivity of the hole transport layer (e.g., spiro-OMeTAD) and lower its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level. This helps in enhancing charge extraction, contributing to the increase in PCE.
- Improved Film Quality: Although not directly related to ambient storage, strategies developed for ambient fabrication can lead to high-quality films with excellent optoelectronic properties. These include pinhole-free films with large crystal grains and low trap density, which are crucial for high efficiency and stability.
- Stability and Efficiency: Ambient-processed perovskite solar cells can achieve high efficiencies with excellent stability, even in harsh environmental conditions. This suggests that appropriate processing techniques can benefit both efficiency and long-term performance under ambient storage.
Overall, ambient storage and processing can contribute significantly to enhancing both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by addressing materials’ inherent issues and optimizing their electrical properties.
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