Environmental Impacts: Closed-Loop vs. Open-Loop Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH)
The environmental impacts of closed-loop and open-loop pumped storage hydropower (PSH) differ significantly due to their design and location characteristics.
Closed-Loop PSH
- Environmental Benefits: Closed-loop PSH systems generally have fewer and less widespread environmental impacts compared to open-loop systems. They are located “off-stream” and are not continuously connected to naturally flowing water sources, which reduces aquatic and terrestrial impacts.
- Siting Flexibility: Closed-loop systems offer greater siting flexibility, as they do not require connection to a natural water body.
- Localized Impacts: While overall impacts are minimized, closed-loop projects can still have localized effects, particularly on geology, soils, and groundwater due to the construction of two above-ground reservoirs.
Open-Loop PSH
- Higher Impacts: Open-loop systems are continuously connected to naturally flowing water bodies, which can lead to higher impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These impacts include altering natural water flow, affecting aquatic life, and potentially disrupting local ecology.
- Established Site Use: Open-loop projects typically make use of existing natural bodies like rivers or lakes, which can influence their operational efficiency and environmental footprint.
Key Differences
| Category | Closed-Loop PSH | Open-Loop PSH |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Impacts | Lower impacts due to no continuous connection to water bodies | Higher impacts due to altered water flow and ecology |
| Terrestrial Impacts | More localized and shorter duration impacts | Wider and longer-lasting impacts affecting habitats |
| Siting Flexibility | Greater flexibility in site selection | Less flexibility due to need for existing water bodies |
| Environmental Footprint | Generally lower environmental footprint | Higher environmental footprint due to natural water usage |
In summary, closed-loop PSH generally offers reduced environmental impacts compared to open-loop systems due to its off-stream design and greater siting flexibility. However, both types of projects require careful planning to mitigate potential environmental effects.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-do-the-environmental-impacts-of-closed-loop-psh-compare-to-those-of-open-loop-psh/
