Solid-state batteries (SSBs) significantly outperform conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density. Typical lithium-ion batteries have energy densities generally below 300 Wh/kg, commonly ranging from 200 to 325 Wh/kg depending on the specific chemistry and design. In contrast, solid-state batteries can exceed 350 Wh/kg and have been reported to offer 30-50% higher energy densities than lithium-ion batteries, which means they can store substantially more energy for the same weight.
More specifically:
- Lithium-ion batteries typically store around 250 to 300 Wh/kg.
- Solid-state batteries can store over 500 Wh/kg, with some types (thin film) theoretically reaching as high as 900 Wh/kg and bulk types 250-500 Wh/kg.
- Some projections suggest practical solid-state batteries could realize energy densities around 1,000 Wh/kg (or 1 kWh/kg), which is about four times higher than current lithium-ion batteries, largely due to the use of metallic lithium anodes instead of graphite.
This higher energy density enables solid-state batteries to be more compact and lighter for the same amount of stored energy, potentially reducing battery pack weight by up to 30% or more in electric vehicle applications.
In summary, solid-state batteries have the potential to deliver roughly 30-50% higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries in current implementations, with theoretical and emerging practical designs possibly achieving 3-4 times the energy density of lithium-ion technologies. This advantage stems mainly from their solid electrolytes enabling the use of lithium metal anodes and safer, more stable chemistries.
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