Performance in Cold Temperatures
- Lithium-Ion Batteries: These batteries generally offer better performance than lead-acid in cold temperatures but have limitations. Lithium-ion batteries can discharge effectively at low temperatures, typically maintaining about 95-98% of their capacity at around freezing. However, charging is problematic below freezing; most lithium-ion batteries will not accept a charge at temperatures below 32°F (0°C) without specialized systems to warm them up. Some advanced models, like the RELiON LT series, can charge at temperatures as low as -4°F (-20°C) using specialized heating elements.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: Lead-acid batteries also suffer from reduced performance in cold conditions but can still accept low-current charges. At 0°F (-18°C), their capacity might drop to around 45% of the rated capacity, which is less efficient than lithium-ion.
Performance in High Temperatures
- Lithium-Ion Batteries: These batteries are robust in high temperatures, retaining performance better than lead-acid. However, prolonged exposure to heat above 35°C (95°F) can accelerate aging and reduce the battery’s lifespan. Lithium-ion batteries can operate well up to 55°C (131°F), but temperatures above 60°C (140°F) pose safety risks.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: Lead-acid batteries degrade rapidly in high temperatures. Their lifespan can be significantly shortened by temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F), reducing their durability compared to lithium-ion batteries in hot conditions.
Key Differences
- Cycle Life: Lithium-ion batteries offer a significantly longer cycle life (typically ten times that of lead-acid) and maintain a consistent voltage throughout discharge, making them more reliable for applications requiring multiple charge-discharge cycles.
- Temperature Sensitivity: While lithium-ion batteries excel in high temperatures, they require careful management in extreme cold. Lead-acid batteries are more adaptable to extreme temperatures for basic applications but lack the sophistication and longevity of lithium-ion.
Overall, lithium-ion batteries outperform lead-acid batteries in most environments, especially at higher temperatures, but charging in cold conditions can be challenging without specialized systems.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-do-lithium-ion-batteries-perform-in-extreme-temperatures-compared-to-lead-acid-batteries/
