Mitigating the degradation issues of perovskite materials in solar cells involves addressing both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here are some strategies to improve their stability:
Intrinsic Improvements
- Mixed Cation and Halide Compositions: Incorporating mixed cations (e.g., FA/MA/Cs) and halides (e.g., I/Br/Cl) into the perovskite structure enhances moisture stability and overall performance.
- Film Quality and Passivation: Enhancing film quality by passivating defects with additives like fullerene derivatives or organic compounds (e.g., 4-tert-butylpyridine) can improve stability.
- Cation Selection: Formamidinium (FA) perovskites are less susceptible to moisture degradation than methylammonium (MA) ones, but may degrade through hydrolysis.
Extrinsic Improvements
- Humidity Control: Operating perovskite solar cells in controlled, low-humidity environments significantly reduces degradation.
- Hydrophobic Interlayers: Using hydrophobic materials in electron and hole transport layers can protect the perovskite from moisture infiltration.
- Water-Repellent Coatings: Applying thin layers of water-repellent molecules like phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) can prevent moisture interaction and stabilize perovskite structures.
- Thermal Management: Reducing exposure to high temperatures and UV light can slow down degradation processes. Developing materials with better thermal stability is crucial.
- Fabrication in Inert Environments: Fabricating perovskite solar cells in glove boxes or dry environments minimizes exposure to moisture and oxygen during manufacturing.
Future Research Directions
- Thermal Stability Enhancements: Developing materials that maintain stability under both moisture and thermal stress is a key challenge.
- Scalable Manufacturing: Large-scale fabrication processes need to be developed for perovskites, ideally under controlled conditions.
- Material Innovations: Continuing research into new material compositions and coatings that can address both moisture and thermal stability while maintaining efficiency is essential.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/how-can-the-degradation-issues-of-perovskite-materials-be-mitigated/
