New Energy Vehicle Technology: How to Extend Electric Vehicle Battery Life?

As a key component in new energy vehicles, the performance and lifespan of batteries significantly influence both user experience and economic viability. Ensuring that electric vehicles (EVs) operate reliably over the long term has become a priority for both owners and manufacturers. This article explores various strategies for effectively prolonging the lifespan of electric vehicle batteries.

1. Understanding Battery Characteristics

To extend battery life, it is essential to grasp the basic operating principles of electric vehicle batteries. Most electric vehicles on the market today utilize lithium-ion batteries, known for their high energy density and low self-discharge rates. However, during the charging and discharging processes, lithium-ion batteries undergo complex chemical reactions that, if not managed properly, can lead to accelerated aging. For instance, in high-temperature environments, the electrolyte within the battery may decompose, generating gas and depleting active materials. Conversely, in low temperatures, the movement of lithium ions slows, which can cause lithium deposition that adversely affects battery performance. Thus, understanding these operational characteristics is fundamental to extending battery lifespan.

2. Proper Charging Practices

1. Avoid Overcharging
Overcharging can lead to excessively high battery voltage, damaging the structure of the positive electrode and thickening the irreversible solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the negative electrode, thus reducing battery capacity. It is generally advisable to stop charging when the battery reaches 80% to 90% capacity. While many electric vehicles come with automatic shut-off protection, developing good charging habits is still crucial.

2. Prevent Deep Discharging
Deep discharging is also detrimental to battery health. When battery levels drop too low, lithium metal may precipitate on the negative electrode, which not only affects reversible capacity but also poses safety risks. It is recommended to maintain battery levels above 20% and avoid prolonged operation in a low-charge state.

3. Choose the Right Charging Method
While fast charging is convenient, frequent use can place significant stress on the battery. The high current during fast charging can rapidly raise internal temperatures, leading to material aging. Therefore, unless urgent, it is preferable to use slow charging methods. Additionally, always use manufacturer-approved or certified charging stations to ensure safety and stability during the charging process.

3. Suitable Environmental Conditions

1. Temperature Control
Temperature has a critical impact on battery lifespan. Both excessively high and low temperatures can degrade battery performance. During hot summer months, it is advisable to avoid parking in direct sunlight, utilizing sunshades or parking in garages to reduce cabin temperatures and indirectly minimize battery heat exposure. In colder winter months, pre-heating the vehicle for a few minutes before driving can help raise the battery temperature to a more suitable range. Some high-end models are equipped with battery temperature control systems that automatically adjust battery temperatures based on the surrounding environment, which can greatly aid in extending battery life.

2. Humidity Management
High humidity environments can lead to corrosion of the battery casing and connections, adversely affecting normal battery function. It is important to keep the vehicle’s storage environment dry, especially in coastal areas or during humid seasons. Regularly checking for water accumulation beneath the vehicle and ensuring the battery compartment is sealed is essential.

4. Adjusting Driving Habits

1. Smooth Driving
Aggressive acceleration and sudden braking can cause the battery to experience abrupt power output or energy recovery, placing significant stress on it. Smooth driving habits can facilitate a gentler charging and discharging process, thereby extending battery life. For example, gradually accelerating from a stop and anticipating traffic conditions to reduce unnecessary braking can be beneficial.

2. Plan Routes Wisely
When embarking on long trips, it is prudent to familiarize oneself with the distribution of charging stations along the route to avoid excessive reliance on fast charging due to low battery levels. Additionally, select travel routes that minimize congestion, reducing idling time, as the battery continues to discharge during idle periods.

5. Regular Maintenance and Inspection

1. Battery Inspection
Regularly visiting a professional service center for comprehensive battery inspections, including measurements of individual cell voltage and internal resistance, is advisable. This data can accurately assess the battery’s health, enabling timely identification of potential issues and appropriate responses.

2. Software Updates
The battery management system (BMS) in electric vehicles plays a crucial role in battery management and protection. As technology evolves, manufacturers frequently release new software versions that often include optimized battery management algorithms, which can help enhance battery lifespan. Therefore, it is important to follow the vehicle’s manual for timely software upgrades.

In conclusion, extending the lifespan of electric vehicle batteries requires owners to adopt comprehensive strategies, cultivate good usage habits, and prioritize regular maintenance. By doing so, electric vehicles can achieve optimal performance, extend their lifespan, and contribute positively to sustainable transportation.