A Chinese team has successfully addressed the challenges of large-scale production technology for perovskite solar cells. On May 22, 2025, their groundbreaking research was published in the journal Science. This innovative coating technology for perovskite solar cell materials enables the stable mass production of square-meter perovskite modules, marking a significant transition from laboratory experiments to practical applications.
The lead author and corresponding author of the paper, Yan Buyi, Chief Technology Officer at Hangzhou Xina Optoelectronics, explained that perovskite solar cells represent the third generation of photovoltaic technology. They are characterized by their flexibility and lightweight nature, maintaining stable photoelectric conversion efficiency even on cloudy days. The core component of these solar cells is the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which is primarily prepared through the solution-based film formation and crystallization process. Previous common techniques struggled to precisely control the thickness and uniformity of the crystallization, negatively impacting the power generation efficiency of the perovskite panels.
With support from Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Sci-Tech University on strategies for efficiency enhancement and theoretical calculations, the innovative team introduced a three-dimensional laminar airflow technology that successfully overcame the challenge of achieving uniform crystallization in large-area perovskite films.
“The three-dimensional laminar airflow technology functions like a complex ‘range hood’ placed over a glass substrate coated with perovskite solution. By ingeniously combining spin-coating techniques with vacuum flash evaporation, the airflow is made to flow smoothly, uniformly, and directionally over the glass substrate, facilitating the drying process and allowing for more uniform crystallization of the perovskite,” Yan Buyi stated. Through computational fluid dynamics simulations, this technology achieved precise control over the thickness of the perovskite film, with fluctuations of less than 3 micrometers across an area of 0.79 square meters.
Compared to traditional methods, the three-dimensional laminar airflow technology significantly reduces surface defects and optimizes crystallization morphology, resulting in a 90% reduction in residual solvents. Field tests indicate that the perovskite modules using this new technology maintain a degradation rate of no more than 10% over ten years, meeting the lifespan requirements for photovoltaic modules.
Furthermore, a megawatt-scale production line built on this technology has achieved a module yield exceeding 98.5%, with a power output of 118W for a 0.79 square meter module. A 500-kilowatt commercial solar station constructed on this foundation demonstrated a 29% longer equivalent full-load duration compared to crystalline silicon modules, along with a 31.9% increase in electricity generation during high-temperature seasons.
Yang Yang, the director of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, and an academician of the European Academy, noted that this new technology balances efficiency, stability, production yield, and scalability, indicating that perovskite solar cell technology is now ready for large-scale production. It is understood that this technology is currently being expanded to applications in flexible modules, building-integrated photovoltaics, and vehicular energy systems.
Original article by NenPower, If reposted, please credit the source: https://nenpower.com/blog/chinese-team-breaks-through-challenges-in-scalable-production-of-perovskite-solar-cells/
